Chronic neck pain is defined as persistent or recurring pain in the cervical spine region that lasts for more than three months. This ongoing discomfort commonly interferes with daily functions and activities, from work-related tasks to simple movements. Many factors contribute to chronic cervical pain, especially certain neck conditions. Here’s information on health conditions that cause neck pain and how they are treated:
Spinal Stenosis
Cervical spinal stenosis involves the narrowing of the spinal canal, commonly in the neck and lower back. This reduction in space may lead to compression of the spinal cord and the nerves that branch out from it. Pressure on neural structures contributes to the development of chronic neck pain and associated symptoms over time.
Diagnosis
A healthcare professional typically begins the diagnostic process by taking a detailed medical history and performing a physical examination. To further assess the structures of the cervical spine, imaging studies may be recommended. These include X-rays to view the alignment of the vertebrae, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans to visualize soft tissues like the spinal cord and nerve roots, or Computed Tomography (CT) scans for a detailed look at the bones. The selection of specific tests depends on your neck pain symptoms and the clinician’s judgment.
Treatment
Initial management for cervical spinal stenosis is often conservative. This may involve modifying activities to avoid strain, making posture adjustments, and performing targeted exercises to improve flexibility and strength. The application of heat or ice can provide temporary relief, and over-the-counter pain relievers may be used as directed by a professional. If conservative measures of physical therapy and medication management do not provide adequate relief, a clinician may recommend interventional options. These treatment options include:
- Corticosteroid Injections
- Surgical Decompression Procedures
- Surgical Removal Procedures
Cervical Radiculopathy
Cervical radiculopathy occurs when a nerve root in the neck becomes irritated or compressed as it exits the spinal canal. This “pinched nerve” can cause chronic neck pain, and it frequently produces symptoms that radiate into the shoulder, arm, or hand. Cervical radiculopathy can result from various issues, including herniated discs, spinal stenosis, or degenerative changes in the vertebrae.
Symptoms associated with cervical radiculopathy include:
- Burning or Sharp Pain
- Increase in Pain When Moving
- Weakness or Numbness in Arm, Hand, or Finger Muscles
Management often starts with patient education on ergonomics and activity modification to reduce nerve irritation. Physical therapy plays a key role, focusing on exercises that relieve pressure on the nerve root. A clinician might also suggest certain medications for a limited duration, while interventional procedures may be recommended if symptoms persist.
Bone Spurs
Bone spurs, or osteophytes, are bony projections that can form along the edges of vertebrae in the neck. These growths often develop as a response to age-related degenerative changes and the stress on cervical joints. While many bone spurs cause no symptoms, they can contribute to chronic neck pain if they press on nerve roots, the spinal cord, or other nearby tissues. When bone spurs press on different structures, they can lead to inflammation and mechanical irritation.
Treatment approaches often focus on managing symptoms and improving function, like postural strategies, which can help reduce mechanical stress on the neck. A physical therapist can guide individuals through mobility and strengthening exercises to support the cervical spine. Short-term use of medications may be suggested to manage pain, and if discomfort remains over time, a healthcare provider might discuss other therapies. Injections to block pain or surgical interventions may be recommended to manage a problematic osteophyte.
Learn More Neck Pain
Chronic neck pain can stem from a variety of complex conditions. For an accurate diagnosis and a personalized management plan, contact a pain management specialist for a consultation. A pain specialist can perform a thorough evaluation to provide you with personalized treatment options. If you have chronic neck pain, make an appointment today.