Living with diabetes comes with several responsibilities, one of the most important being foot care. Among the many complications of diabetes, foot ulcers are one of the most serious—and sadly, one of the most common. But the good news is, foot ulcers are preventable if you take the right steps early.
In this article, we’ll explain what foot ulcers are, why they occur in diabetics, and most importantly, how you can prevent them with practical, everyday tips.
What Is a Foot Ulcer?
A foot ulcer is an open sore or wound that typically forms on the bottom of the foot. In diabetics, these ulcers can develop due to poor circulation, nerve damage (neuropathy), and infections. They may start small—just a blister or cut—but if left untreated, they can become infected and serious enough to require hospitalization or even amputation.
According to health studies, about 15% of people with diabetes will develop a foot ulcer at some point. That’s a big number, but most of these ulcers are completely preventable with good foot care habits.
Why Do Diabetics Get Foot Ulcers?
People with diabetes often have high blood sugar levels, which over time can damage the nerves (especially in the legs and feet). This is called diabetic neuropathy. When your nerves are damaged, you might not feel pain, heat, or injuries in your feet. A small pebble in your shoe or a minor cut can go unnoticed and become infected.
Also, diabetes can cause poor blood flow to the feet, making it harder for wounds to heal. That’s why even a small cut can become a big problem.
Signs of a Developing Foot Ulcer
Knowing what to look for can help you catch problems early:
- Red spots or areas of skin discoloration
- Swelling around the feet or toes
- Drainage (clear or pus-like) from a wound
- Foul odor from the foot
- Black tissue (a sign of dead skin or gangrene)
- Pain or tenderness (though this may be reduced due to nerve damage)
If you notice any of these signs, contact your doctor right away.
How to Prevent Foot Ulcers in Diabetics
Now, let’s get into the most important part: prevention. Here are some simple, effective ways to protect your feet and prevent ulcers.
1. Check Your Feet Every Day
Make it a habit to inspect your feet daily. Look for cuts, blisters, redness, swelling, or any changes in the skin. Use a mirror to see the bottoms of your feet or ask a family member for help.
Tip: Set a reminder on your phone or pair it with another daily habit like brushing your teeth.
2. Wash and Dry Your Feet Carefully
Clean your feet daily using warm (not hot) water and mild soap. Dry them thoroughly, especially between the toes. Moist areas between toes can promote fungal infections.
Extra tip: Use a soft towel and pat dry—don’t rub harshly.
3. Moisturize, But Not Between the Toes
Apply a moisturizer to keep the skin on your feet soft and prevent cracking. However, don’t put lotion between your toes, as this area needs to stay dry.
4. Wear Proper Footwear
Wearing the right shoes can protect your feet from injury. Choose shoes that:
- Fit well (not too tight or loose)
- Have a wide toe box
- Are made of soft materials
- Offer good support
Avoid walking barefoot, even at home, to prevent stepping on something sharp or getting a cut.
Consider diabetic shoes or insoles, which are specially designed to reduce pressure points.
5. Trim Your Toenails Safely
Cut toenails straight across and smooth the edges with a file to avoid ingrown toenails. If you can’t see or reach your feet easily, ask for help or visit a podiatrist.
6. Manage Your Blood Sugar
Keeping your blood sugar in a healthy range helps reduce nerve damage and promotes better circulation. Work with your doctor to monitor and manage your glucose levels.
7. Avoid Smoking and Alcohol
Smoking narrows your blood vessels and reduces circulation. Alcohol can increase blood sugar levels and make neuropathy worse. Avoiding both can significantly improve foot health.
8. Get Regular Foot Exams
See a podiatrist (foot doctor) at least once a year, or more often if you already have neuropathy or circulation problems. They can spot problems before they become serious.
What to Do If You Have a Foot Wound
If you notice a cut, blister, or sore:
- Clean it gently with mild soap and water.
- Apply an antibiotic ointment.
- Cover it with a clean bandage.
- Keep it dry and change the dressing daily.
- Call your doctor if it doesn’t heal in a few days or shows signs of infection (redness, swelling, pus, foul smell).
Never try to self-treat serious wounds. Even small injuries can turn into ulcers if ignored.
Lifestyle Tips for Better Foot Health
- Stay active. Walking or swimming improves blood circulation.
- Eat a healthy diet. Focus on whole grains, lean proteins, and lots of vegetables.
- Lose weight if needed. Extra weight puts more pressure on your feet.
- Stay hydrated. It helps with skin health and healing.
Final Thoughts
Diabetic foot ulcers may sound scary, but they are largely preventable. With daily attention and care, you can keep your feet healthy and strong for years to come.
Think of foot care as an important part of your diabetes routine—just like checking your blood sugar or taking your medication. A few minutes each day can save you from major complications in the future.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Can diabetic foot ulcers heal on their own?
Some small wounds might heal if caught early, but it’s risky to wait. Because diabetes affects healing, even minor ulcers can worsen quickly. Always get medical advice as soon as possible.
2. Is it okay to walk with a foot ulcer?
It depends on how serious the ulcer is. In general, reducing pressure on the ulcer helps it heal. You may need special shoes or a walking aid. Always follow your doctor’s recommendations.
3. What shoes are best for diabetics?
Look for shoes that are soft, supportive, and have a wide toe box. Avoid high heels, flip-flops, or pointed shoes. Diabetic shoes with cushioned soles and seamless interiors are best.
4. Why don’t diabetics feel foot injuries?
High blood sugar can cause nerve damage, making it hard to feel pain, heat, or pressure. That’s why it’s essential to check your feet daily, even if they “feel fine.”
5. How often should diabetics see a foot doctor?
At least once a year for a routine check-up. If you have neuropathy, poor circulation, or a history of ulcers, your doctor may recommend visits every 3–6 months.