Just hearing the words “root canal” can make many people feel nervous. It’s one of those dental procedures that has a scary reputation—but the truth is, it’s not as bad as it sounds. Thanks to modern dentistry, root canals are safe, effective, and often no more painful than getting a filling. In fact, they’re designed to relieve pain, not cause it.
So if your dentist has recommended a root canal, there’s no need to panic. In this article, we’ll walk you through everything you can expect during a root canal procedure—from the first appointment to aftercare. By the end, you’ll feel more confident and informed about what’s ahead.
What Is a Root Canal?
A root canal is a dental treatment used to repair and save a badly damaged or infected tooth. Inside each tooth, there’s a soft tissue called the pulp, which contains nerves and blood vessels. When the pulp becomes infected—due to deep decay, cracks, or trauma—it can cause serious pain and swelling.
A root canal removes the infected pulp, cleans and disinfects the inside of the tooth, and then fills and seals it. This stops the infection and saves the natural tooth.
Why Might You Need a Root Canal?
You might need a root canal if you have:
- Severe tooth pain, especially when chewing or applying pressure
- Prolonged sensitivity to hot or cold
- Swelling or tenderness in nearby gums
- Darkening of the tooth
- A recurring pimple on the gums (sign of infection)
Only a dentist can confirm if a root canal is necessary. They’ll usually take X-rays and perform a dental exam to check for signs of infection.
The Root Canal Procedure: Step-by-Step
Let’s take the mystery out of the process. Here’s what usually happens during a root canal:
1. Consultation and Diagnosis
Your first visit will likely involve an exam and X-rays. The dentist or endodontist (a root canal specialist) will look at the tooth and surrounding areas to see how deep the infection is. You’ll also have the chance to ask any questions you have about the procedure.
2. Numbing the Area
Before anything begins, your dentist will numb your tooth and the surrounding area with a local anesthetic. You’ll feel a small pinch when the needle goes in, but after that, the area will be completely numb. Most people feel little to no pain during the procedure.
3. Placing a Dental Dam
To keep your tooth clean and dry during the treatment, your dentist will place a small rubber sheet (called a dental dam) around the area. This also keeps saliva and bacteria out of the tooth.
4. Cleaning Out the Infection
Now, the dentist will drill a small hole in the top of the tooth to access the pulp. Using tiny tools, they’ll carefully remove the infected or dead pulp tissue from inside the tooth and root canals.
This step also includes shaping and cleaning the canals so they’re ready to be filled. The inside of the tooth is then disinfected to remove bacteria.
5. Filling the Tooth
After cleaning, the dentist will fill the empty canals with a rubber-like material called gutta-percha. This seals the tooth and prevents future infection.
Sometimes, a temporary filling is placed if more work is needed in a future appointment. Otherwise, a permanent filling is added.
6. Placing a Crown (If Needed)
In many cases, especially for back teeth, a crown is recommended after a root canal to protect the tooth and restore its strength. You may need to return a week or two later for the crown, as it’s usually custom-made in a dental lab.
Does a Root Canal Hurt?
This is the question most people ask. And here’s the good news: root canals are not painful when done correctly. With modern tools and anesthesia, most patients report that the procedure is no more uncomfortable than getting a regular filling.
In fact, the root canal removes the source of pain (the infected pulp), so you should actually feel better after it’s done.
You may feel some soreness or mild discomfort for a few days after the treatment, especially if the infection was severe. Over-the-counter pain medicine usually helps, and your dentist may prescribe antibiotics if needed.
Recovery and Aftercare
Recovery from a root canal is usually quick. Here’s what you can expect:
- Mild pain or sensitivity for a few days
- Avoid chewing on the treated side until the final crown is placed
- Brush and floss normally, but be gentle near the treated area
- Attend all follow-up appointments to make sure the tooth heals properly
Once fully restored with a crown or filling, your tooth can last as long as your other natural teeth—with good oral hygiene.
The Benefits of a Root Canal
Why go through all this? Because saving your natural tooth is almost always the best choice. Here are some key benefits of a root canal:
- Keeps your natural smile
- Helps you chew and speak normally
- Prevents further damage or infection
- Avoids the need for tooth extraction and implants
- Offers long-lasting results with proper care
When to Call Your Dentist
After your root canal, contact your dentist if you experience:
- Severe pain that doesn’t improve
- Swelling that gets worse
- Fever or signs of infection
- The crown or filling becomes loose or damaged
These issues are rare, but they need attention if they arise.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. How long does a root canal take?
Most root canals take 60 to 90 minutes. Sometimes, a second visit is needed, especially if the tooth has multiple roots or a severe infection.
2. Is a crown always needed after a root canal?
Not always. Front teeth may not need a crown if they’re still strong. But for molars and heavily damaged teeth, a crown is usually recommended for protection.
3. What happens if I avoid a root canal?
Delaying treatment can lead to more pain, tooth loss, or the spread of infection. It’s better to treat the problem early before it worsens.
4. How much does a root canal cost?
The cost varies based on the tooth location and your dental plan. Without insurance, it can range from $700 to $1,500. Molars are usually more expensive.
5. Can I go back to work after a root canal?
Yes, most people return to work or daily activities the same day or the next. Just take it easy, especially if you feel a bit sore.
Final Thoughts
A root canal might sound scary at first, but it’s actually a common and highly successful treatment. It’s designed to save your tooth and relieve pain—not cause it. Knowing what to expect can help reduce fear and make the experience much easier.
If your dentist has recommended a root canal, trust that it’s the best step toward protecting your oral health. With proper care, the treated tooth can last a lifetime.