Flat feet, also known as fallen arches, refer to a condition where the arches of the feet either collapse or do not develop properly. This results in the entire sole of the foot making complete or near-complete contact with the ground while standing. Understanding the symptoms, causes, treatments, and potential complications of this condition is integral for maintaining foot health.
What Are Flat Feet?
Flat feet occur when the arch of the foot collapses or does not develop properly. This condition results in the entire sole being in contact with the ground. It can affect one or both feet and is commonly identified during physical examinations or when symptoms arise during physical activity.
There are several types of this condition. Flexible flat feet occur when the arch is visible while sitting or lifting the foot, but disappears when standing. Rigid flat feet have no arch in any position, often due to structural abnormalities or damage. Two other types include congenital and acquired flat feet.
What Causes Them?
Genetic predisposition plays a role in many cases, with some individuals inheriting the condition from family members. Injury or trauma to the foot, such as fractures or ligament tears, may also lead to this condition. Obesity, arthritis, and age-related wear and tear on the tendons can weaken the arch over time. Other contributing factors include medical conditions such as diabetes, pregnancy, or issues affecting the posterior tibial tendon, a structure that supports the arch of the foot.
What Are the Symptoms?
Flat feet don’t always cause symptoms, but for some people, they can lead to pain and discomfort, especially after extended activity.
- Pain in the arches, heels, or ankles, often worse after walking or running
- Swelling on the inside of the ankle
- Knee, hip, or lower back pain due to body misalignment
- Uneven or quickly worn-out shoe soles
Recognizing these signs early helps prevent further discomfort and potential complications.
How Can They Lead to Other Health Problems?
When this condition remains untreated, it can have a cascading effect on other parts of the body. Misalignment of the foot impacts the legs and pelvis, altering the body’s gait and posture. This added stress may contribute to the development of chronic pain in the knees, hips, and lower back.
The instability caused by this condition may also lead to joint degeneration, increasing the likelihood of developing conditions such as arthritis. Untreated cases may result in plantar fasciitis, tendonitis, or shin splints due to the abnormal biomechanical forces exerted during activity. Neglecting this condition in the long term may significantly impair overall mobility and quality of life.
How Are They Treated?
Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and the impact on daily life. For mild cases, exercises targeting the calf muscles and the Achilles tendon can help. Applying ice to painful areas may reduce swelling and alleviate discomfort after activity. Custom orthotics offer additional support to the arch, helping to improve foot alignment.
For individuals with a higher body weight, weight loss may reduce the pressure on the feet. This helps alleviate stress on the arches and related structures. Surgical intervention is reserved for the most severe cases and typically addresses structural issues or tendon damage.
Seek Treatment Now
Flat feet are a manageable condition with a range of treatment options that cater to individual needs. Understanding the causes and symptoms helps individuals take appropriate steps early, potentially avoiding unnecessary discomfort or related health issues. If you’re experiencing pain or suspect you have this condition, consult a podiatrist who can evaluate your condition and recommend effective treatment strategies.